The Psalter-Hours of Isabelle of France

Hand D

Artists

Hand D painted the remaining historiated initials in the manuscript’s final section (quires 20-27). Those at the end of the volume were damaged by flood in the mid-19th century (fols. 271v, 274v, 281r, 284v), but the preceding images reveal the sophisticated style and painting technique of this artist (fols. 215r, 217v, 220r, 224r). His are the most delicate and expressive figures in the manuscript. His modelling of drapery is the most advanced, with subtle, carefully blended shades and highlights lending unprecedented plasticity to the figures. The blue shading of white fabrics is executed with minute, directional brush strokes (fol. 217v). Hand D may have belonged to the younger generation of Parisian artists who would develop the painterly modelling of drapery to the full by the 1280s and 1290s. Unlike the white flesh tones used by his collaborators, he painted pink flesh. His palette is darker and more saturated; he is the only artist to use a deep purple-grey hue and to outline the white hair of his older characters in blue.

Lightbox: 166
1
Detail of the folds in St John’s dark purple mantle under magnification (12.5x). FORS analysis (below) reveals the presence of ultramarine in the mantle (blue line) and indigo, recognised by its maximum absorbance at 660 nm, in the dark folds (black line).
Lightbox: 167
2
Detail of the chest of Christ under magnification (25x) showing the sophisticated modelling of flesh with brown shadows and white highlights over a light pink base layer.
Lightbox: 168
3
Detail of the faces of Christ and Joseph of Arimathea under magnification (16x) showing the sophisticated modelling of flesh with grey shadows and white highlights over a light pink base layer.

The deep blue and dark purple draperies (hotspot 1), skilfully modelled so as to convey the three-dimensional human anatomy beneath, and the pink flesh tones of Christ’s body (hotspots 2 and 3) characterise the work of Hand D.