Book of Hours

Yellow and orange pigments

Artists' Materials

Technical analyses revealed the presence of realgar, lead-tin yellow type I, an organic yellow and an ochre rich in clay minerals. The same clay-rich ochre was also used to paint orange and brown passages on some folios. The presence of a yellow lead oxide, such as massicot, is also possible, and is especially likely in the miniature on fol. 36r.

St Catherine is depicted with a book (evoking her learning and wisdom), the wheel on which she was tortured, and the sword with which she was beheaded. The saint’s image was painted by the Master of James IV of Scotland, but the architectural border was provided by the Painter of Additional 15677.