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Ulysses commanding Circe to restore his Companions to their Rightful Forms | |
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Title/s | Ulysses commanding Circe to restore his Companions to their Rightful Forms |
Maker/s | Avelli, Francesco Xanto (painter) [ULAN info: Italian pottery painter, act.1530-1542] Raimondi, Marcantonio after (printmaker) [ULAN info: Italian artist, 1470/1482-1527/1534] Monogrammist IB after (printmaker) [ULAN info: German printmaker, active 1523-1530] Dente, Marco (Marco da Ravenna) after (printmaker) [ULAN info: Italian printmaker, ca.1493-1527] |
Category |
tin-glazed earthenware |
Name | bowl with broad rim |
School/Style | |
Description | Maiolica bowl with broad rim, painted in polychrome with Ulysses commanding Circe to restore his Companions to their Rightful Forms. Buff earthenware, tin-glazed overall; the reverse pale beige and tinged with green. Painted in blue, turquoise-green, yellowish-green, yellow, orange, beige, brown, manganese, black, and white. Shape 58. Circular with a wide, slightly sloping rim and small, deep well. Ulysses commanding Circe to restore his Companions to their Rightful Forms. Ulysses stands on the left, his head turned towards Circe, and his left arm pointing to one of his companions with a swine's hind limbs and head, who reclines in the foreground. In the middle, two of his men with swine's hind legs bear vessels to Circe; the one on the left has a covered dish and the other a ewer and basin. Behind them is a doorway with the date `1532' inscribed in a panel above it. On the right, Circe sits on a throne, holding a sceptre or wand in her right hand. Above her, imposed on a draped curtain is a shield charged with the arms of Pucci of Florence: argent, a moor's head proper wearing a headband argent charged with three hammers sable, with behind, a papal ombrellino. The edge is yellow. The back is inscribed in the middle in dark blue: `.1532./Vlisse chiede a Circe/i suoi compagni/Nel .XIIII. Li d Ouidio Met:/.fra: Xanto.A./da Rovi...i / Urbi . . .' (Ulysses asks Circe for his companions In the 14th Book of Ovid's Metamorphoses:.francesco Xanto.Avelli of Rovigo in Urbino). |
Production Notes | Xanto was a freelance maiolica painter. It is not known in which workshop this dish was made. Xanto frequently constructed the scenes on his dishes with figures taken from several different engraved sources. The scene from the story of Ulysses and Circe was constructed from four. Ulysses was derived from 'Jupiter', dated 1528, by the Monogrammist IB. The figure also resembles Perseus in the woodcut illustration of Perseus and Andromeda in 'Ouidio methamorphoseos vulgare', Venice (Lucantonio Giunta), 1497. Circe was taken from the Muse Euterpe in the engraving by Marcantonio Raimondi of Raphael's 'Parnassus'. The two servants were adapted and transposed from the servants at the banquet given in Aeneas' honour by Dido, in the lowest right panel of the 'Quos Ego' engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi. The man with a swine's head in the foreground was probably derived from a figure in the 'Battle of the Romans and Carthaginians' engraved by Marco Dente after Raphael or Giulio Romano. |
Production Place | Urbino (painter) (place) The Marches (painter) (region) Italy (painter) (country) Italy (printmaker) (country) () Italy (printmaker) (country) () Italy (printmaker) (country) () |
Technique Description | buff earthenware, tin-glazed overall; the reverse pale beige and tinged with green. Painted in blue, turquoise-green, yellowish-green, yellow, orange, beige, brown, manganese, black, and white. |
Dimensions |
height: (whole): 4.6
cm |
Period | second quarter of 16th century |
Date | dated 1532 |
Provenance | bequeathed: Horn, Marmaduke Langdale 1953 (Filtered for: Applied Arts collection) Conte Ferdinando Pasolini Dall'Onda, Faenza; Paris, Ridel, 14 December 1853, Catalogue d'une belle collection de majoliques italiennes des diverses fabriques des XVe, XVIe & XVIIe siècles, lot 171; Andrew Fountaine IV (1808-73); his heir; Christie's, 16 June 1884, Catalogue of the celebrated Fountaine collection of majolika, Henry II ware, Palissy ware, Nevers ware, Limoges enamels . . ., removed from Narford Hall, Norfolk, lot 39; Lowengard; Bourgeois Frères; Cologne, Heberle, 19-27 October 1904, Collection Bourgeois Frères, Catalogue des objets d'art et e haute curiosité composant la collection Bourgeois Frères et dont la vente aura lieu à Cologne dans la grande salle du casino (Augustinerplatz 7) du mercredi 19 au jerdi 27 octobre 1904, lot 93; Dr Alfred Pringsheim; Sotheby's, 20 July 1939, Catalogue of the renowned collection of Italian majolica, the property of Dr Alfred Pringsheim of Munich, lot 390; Marmaduke Langdale Horn.M.L. Horn Bequest |
Inscriptions/Marks |
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Documentation |
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Other Notes | The story of Ulysses and Circe occurs in Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book XIV, 248-307, the incident portrayed on the dish in lines 293-8. Circe had transformed Ulysses' companions into swine after giving them poisoned wine at a feast in her palace. Only one, Eurylochus, refrained from drinking and escaped to tell Ulysses. When the latter arrived at the palace he refused the poisoned cup offered by Circe and threatened her with his sword. Then, having made a marriage pact with her, he demanded as a wedding gift that she return his companions to their rightful forms. This subject also occurs on a dish of 1533 in the Louvre, which has the same figures of Ulysses and Circe, but is otherwise rendered differently. |
Accession Number | C.11-1953 (Applied Arts) |
Related Object | C.10-1953 - Orlando finds Ruggiero's Charger Frontino, his Armour and Sword on board an abandoned Ship |
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